Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Zhengzhou City from 2016 to 2020 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported imported malaria cases in Zhengzhou City from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the management of imported malaria in the city. Methods All data pertaining to cases with definitive diagnosis of malaria in Zhengzhou City from 2016 to 2020 were captured from the National Notifiable Disease Report System and the Information Management System for Parasitic Disease Control in China, including individual demographic data, and malaria onset, initial diagnosis and definitive diagnosis data. All data were descriptively analyzed. The duration from malaria onset to initial diagnosis, from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis and from onset to definitive diagnosis was compared among cases. In addition, the diagnoses of imported malaria cases in which definitive diagnosis was made were compared with the reexaminations by Zhengzhou Municipal Malaria Diagnosis Reference Laboratory. Results A total of 302 cases with definitive diagnosis of malaria were reported in Zhengzhou City from 2016 to 2020, and all were imported cases, with Plasmodium falciparum malaria as the predominant type (230 cases, 76.2%). There were 293 malaria cases imported from Africa (293 cases, 97.0%), which mainly included Nigeria (48 cases, 15.9%), Angola (40 cases, 13.2%), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (29 cases, 9.6%). There was no obvious seasonality found in the date of malaria onset and time of reporting malaria. The ratio of male to female malaria cases was 49.3:1, and there were 103 cases (34.1%) with the current residency address in Zhengzhou City, 193 cases (63.9%) with the current residency address in other cities of Henan Province and 6 cases (2.0%) in other provinces of China. There were 271 cases (89.7%) seeking initial diagnosis in medical institutions, and the diagnostic accuracy of malaria was 56.6% (171/302) at initial diagnosis institutions. A total of 122 cases (40.4%) sought medical care on the day of malaria onset, and 252 cases (86.4%) within 3 days; however, only 22 cases (7.3%) were definitively diagnosed on the day of onset, and 162 cases (53.6%) diagnosed within 3 days. There were no significant differences between malaria cases seeking initial diagnosis at medical institutions and disease control and prevention institutions in terms of the duration from malaria onset to initial diagnosis (Z = −1.663, P > 0.05), from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis (Z = −0.413, P > 0.05) or from malaria onset to definitive diagnosis (Z = −0.838, P > 0.05). The median duration (interquartile range) from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis of malaria was 3.00 (2.00), 3.00 (6.00), 2.00 (4.00) d and 1.00 (1.00) d among cases seeking medical care at township-level and lower, county-, city- and province-level medical institutions, and the median duration from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis of malaria was significantly longer among cases seeking medical care at township-level and lower medical institutions than at city (Z = −3.286, P < 0.008 33) and province-level medical institutions (Z = −9.119, P < 0.008 33), while the median duration from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis [1.00 (3.00) d vs. 2.00 (4.00) d; Z = −4.099, P < 0.016] and from malaria onset to definitive diagnosis [3.00 (4.00) d vs. 4.00 (5.00) d; Z = −2.868, P < 0.016] among malaria cases with the current residency address in Zhengzhou City was both shorter than in other cities of Henan Province. The diagnostic accuracy was 89.1% (269/302) among malaria cases in which definitive diagnosis was made, and the accuracy of malaria reexaminations was 94.0% (284/302) in Zhengzhou Municipal Malaria Diagnosis Reference Laboratory. Conclusions P. falciparum malaria was predominant among reported imported malaria cases in Zhengzhou City from 2016 to 2020, and these imported malaria cases were predominantly diagnosed at medical institutions; however, the diagnostic capability of malaria is poor in township-level and lower medical institutions. Strengthening the collaboration between medical institutions and disease control and prevention institutions and improving the diagnostic capability building at medical institutions are recommended to consolidate malaria elimination achivements.

Comparison between high-frequency irreversible electroporation and irreversible electroporation ablation of small swine liver: follow-up of DCE-MRI and pathological observations / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#High-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) is a novel, next-generation nanoknife technology with the advantage of relieving irreversible electroporation (IRE)-induced muscle contractions. However, the difference between IRE and H-FIRE with distinct ablation parameters was not clearly defined. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the two treatments in vivo.@*METHODS@#Ten Bama miniature swine were divided into two group: five in the 1-day group and five in the 7-day group. The efficacy of IRE and H-FIRE ablation was compared by volume transfer constant (Krans), rate constant (Kep) and extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve) value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), size of the ablation zone, and histologic analysis. Each animal underwent the IRE and H-FIRE. Temperatures of the electrodes were measured during ablation. DCE-MRI images were obtained 1, 4, and 7 days after ablation in the 7-day group. All animals in the two groups were euthanized 1 day or 7 days after ablation, and subsequently, IRE and H-FIRE treated liver tissues were collected for histological examination. Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test was applied for comparing any two groups. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Welch's ANOVA test followed by Holm-Sidak's multiple comparisons test, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by Bonferroni test, or Kruskal-Wallis H test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test was used for multiple group comparisons and post hoc analyses. Pearson correlation coefficient test was conducted to analyze the relationship between two variables.@*RESULTS@#Higher Ve was seen in IRE zone than in H-FIRE zone (0.14 ± 0.02 vs. 0.08 ± 0.05, t = 2.408, P = 0.043) on day 4, but no significant difference was seen in Ktrans or Kep between IRE and H-FIRE zones at all time points (all P > 0.05). For IRE zone, the greatest Ktrans was seen on day 7, which was significantly higher than that on day 1 (P = 0.033). The ablation zone size of H-FIRE was significantly larger than IRE 1 day (4.74 ± 0.88 cm2vs. 3.20 ± 0.77 cm2, t = 3.241, P = 0.009) and 4 days (2.22 ± 0.83 cm2vs. 1.30 ± 0.50 cm2, t = 2.343, P = 0.041) after treatment. Apoptotic index (0.05 ± 0.02 vs. 0.73 ± 0.06 vs. 0.68 ± 0.07, F = 241.300, P  0.05). Electrode temperature variations were not significantly different between the two zones (18.00 ± 3.77°C vs. 16.20 ± 7.45°C, t = 0.682, P = 0.504). The Ktrans value (r = 0.940, P = 0.017) and the Kep value (r = 0.895, P = 0.040) of the H-FIRE zone were positively correlated with the number of hepatocytes in the ablation zone.@*CONCLUSIONS@#H-FIRE showed a comparable ablation effect to IRE. DCE-MRI has the potential to monitor the changes of H-FIRE ablation zone.

Distinctive quality control method for solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae from strain Ic-17-7 and application in a rat model of type 2 diabetes / 中国天然药物

This work was aimed to establish a quality control method for evaluating the effects on glucose and lipids of the fruiting body of Isaria cicadae Miquel from strain Ic-17-7 (Ic-17-7fb) using a rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Random amplified polymorphic DNA, sequence-characterized amplified region, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for the quality control of Ic-17-7fb. The pharmacological effects on streptozocin (STZ)-induced high fat diet (HFD)-fed Albino Wistar rats were evaluated. The rats underwent the following treatments: control, metformin, Ic-17-7fb (0.166 and 0.5 g·kg

Functional relationship between photosynthetic leaf gas exchange in response to silicon application and water stress mitigation in sugarcane

BACKGROUND: Water stress is one of the serious abiotic stresses that negatively influences the growth, development and production of sugarcane in arid and semi-arid regions. However, silicon (Si) has been applied as an alleviation strategy subjected to environmental stresses. METHODS: In this experiment, Si was applied as soil irrigation in sugarcane plants to understand the mitigation effect of Si against harmful impact of water stress on photosynthetic leaf gas exchange. RESULTS: In the present study we primarily revealed the consequences of low soil moisture content, which affect overall plant performance of sugarcane significantly. Silicon application reduced the adverse effects of water stress by improving the net photosynthetic assimilation rate (Anet) 1.35-18.75%, stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs) 3.26-21.57% and rate of transpiration (E) 1.16-17.83%. The mathematical models developed from the proposed hypothesis explained the functional relationships between photosynthetic responses of Si application and water stress mitigation. CONCLUSIONS: Silicon application showed high ameliorative effects on photosynthetic responses of sugarcane to water stress and could be used for mitigating environmental stresses in other crops, too, in future.

Correlation between metabolic syndrome and adverse events after internal fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of metabolic syndrome on 15 days postoperative adverse events of femoral intertrochanteric fractures with internal fixation.@*METHODS@#From January 2011 to June 2019, 986 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture were treated with internal fixation, including 312 males and 674 females, with an average age of(77.71± 7.58) years old. And there were 97 patients with metabolic syndrome and 889 patients without metabolic syndrome. Through the electronic medical record system, the patient's age, gender, fracture type, cause of trauma, body mass index, smoking history, preoperative comorbidities, preoperative bloodtransfusion, operation timing, ASA classification, anesthesia method, internal fixation type, operation duration, and 15 days postoperative adverse events, which include surgical site infection, acute heart failure, acute respiratory failure, pulmonary infection, acute renal failure, DVT, embolism in important organs, urinary tract infection, death, and blood transfusion after surgery were collected. The differences of preoperative and intraoperative baseline datas and 15 days postoperative adverse events between the two groups were compared and analyzed by t text or univariate @*RESULTS@#There were statistical differences in age, body mass index, history of cardiac insufficiency, history of COPD, history of renal insufficiency, operation timing, ASA classification, operation duration, surgical site infection, acute heart failure, DVT, urinary tract infection and blood transfusion between two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture with metabolic syndrome had higher postoperative surgical site infection rate, DVT incidence rate, urinary tract infection rate, and postoperative blood transfusion rate. Therefore, the orthopedic treatment team should give more attentionand optimize the treatment plan during the perioperative period with the cooperation of internal physician and anesthesiologist.

Imported Plasmodium ovale malaria in Hefei City: a case report / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To perform epidemiological survey and laboratory diagnosis of a Plasmodium ovale malaria case imported into Hefei City, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of imported malaria in the future. Methods The epidemiological history and clinical data of the imported malaria case were collected and analyzed. Results The patient returned to China from Mozambique, and was admitted to the hospital due to repeated fever several months after returning to China. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) suggested non-P. falciparum infection, and microscopy displayed normal or slightly swelled malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes, unapparent serrated changes, increased cytoplasm in large trophozoite with irregular morphology, and almost no vacuoles. qPCR assay revealed P. ovale infection. Conclusions Clinical medical professionals should improve their awareness of malaria diagnosis in people with a history of living or working in overseas malaria-epidemic areas, and early and rational administration of antimalarials should be given promptly to prevent the spread of malaria epidemics.

Imported Plasmodium ovale malaria in Hefei City: a case report / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To perform epidemiological survey and laboratory diagnosis of a Plasmodium ovale malaria case imported into Hefei City, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of imported malaria in the future. Methods The epidemiological history and clinical data of the imported malaria case were collected and analyzed. Results The patient returned to China from Mozambique, and was admitted to the hospital due to repeated fever several months after returning to China. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) suggested non-P. falciparum infection, and microscopy displayed normal or slightly swelled malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes, unapparent serrated changes, increased cytoplasm in large trophozoite with irregular morphology, and almost no vacuoles. qPCR assay revealed P. ovale infection. Conclusions Clinical medical professionals should improve their awareness of malaria diagnosis in people with a history of living or working in overseas malaria-epidemic areas, and early and rational administration of antimalarials should be given promptly to prevent the spread of malaria epidemics.

Case-control study on a new Kirschner wire tension band with hole in the treatment of adult olecranon fractures in adults / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy of Kirschner wire tension band with hole and common Kirschner wire tension band in the treatment of olecranon fractures in adults, so as to guide the selection of clinical surgical procedures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2011 to October 2015, a total of 49 patients with olecranon fractures underwent open reduction and fixation with Kirschner wire tension band, which were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 49 patients, 21 patients(group A) were treated with Kirschner wire tension band with hole, including 12 males and 9 females, with an average age of(37.6 ±8.2) years old;28 patients(group B) were treated with common Kirschner wire, including 18 males and 10 females, with an average age of(38.9±7.3) years old. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in general data. The differences of operative duration, frequency of radiation, fracture healing time, complications and postoperative elbow function scores between the two groups were observed and analyzed by parallel statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group A, the operative duration was(60.4±10.7) min, the average number of radiation times was (12.5±2.9); in group B, the operative duration was (62.3±11.8) min, and the average radiation times was(13.7±3.8); there was no significant difference in operative time and radiation times between the two groups (P >0.05). In group A, the fracture healing time was (13.2±2.6) weeks without K-wire migration, skin irritation and other complications; and fracture healing time in group B was(14.6±1.8) weeks with complications(K-wire migration in 6 cases, skin irritation in 7 cases, internal fixation failure in 2 cases);the fracture healing time of group A was shorter than that in group B. Evaluation of elbow joint function in two groups of patients after operation showed that in group A, pain score was 41.0±3.5, movement function score was 18.0±2.1, stability score was 9.0±0.8, daily activities score was 18.0±4.3, the total average score was 87.0±7.8; and in group B, the pain score was 39.0±5.6, movement function score was 17.0±3.2, the stability score was 8.0±2.4, daily activities score was 16.0±5.2, the total average score was 83.0±10.7. There were no statistically significant in the scores between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with ordinary Kirschner wire, the treatment of olecranon fracture with Kirschner tension band with hole can shorten the time of fracture healing, significantly reduce the occurrence of complications, and do not affect the recovery of postoperative function, which is suitable for clinical use.</p>

Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute kidney injury induced by hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on hemorrhagic shock /resuscitation(HS/R)-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)in rats,and to explore the possible mechanisms.METHODS:Wistar rats(n=32) were randomly divided into 4 groups(n =8): normal saline control group(NS group), dexmedetomidine group(D group),HS/R group and HS/R+D group.The animals were sacrificed at 6 h after resuscitation.The levels of serum creatinine(Cr)and blood urine nitrogen(BUN)were examined.The kidneys of all rats were removed for evaluation of histological characteristics,and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were measured.The expression of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and hemeoxyge-nase-1(HO-1)was determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with NS group, the levels of Cr, BUN, MDA, TNF-αand IL-1βwere obviously increased in HS/R group, which were obviously decreased in HS/R+D group(P<0.05).Compared with NS group,the SOD activity was obviously decreased in HS/R group,which was obviously increased in HS/R+D group(P<0.05).Compared with NS group, the protein expression of NF-κB was obviously increased in HS/R group,which was obviously decreased in HS/R+D group(P<0.05).Compared with NS group, the protein ex-pression of HO-1 was increased in HS/R group.Compared with HS/R group,the protein expression of HO-1 was obviously increased in HS/R+D group.Compared with NS group,HS/R induced marked kidney histological injury,which was less pronounced in HS/R+D group.CONCLUSION:Dexmedetomidine effectively protects rats against AKI caused by HS /R, and its mechanism may be associated with the increase in HO-1 expression and the inhibition of NF-κB expression.

Isocorydine inhibits the growth of human cervical carcinoma ( Siha ) cells xenografts in nude mice / 基础医学与临床

Objective Study on the effect of isocorydine in human cervical cancer Siha cells xenografts in nude mice , to explore the inhibition mechanism of isocorydine in cervical carcinoma .Methods Establishment of human cervical cancer Siha cells subcutaneous xenografts model in BALB /c (nu/nu) nude mice.When the average diameter of the transplanted tumor≥0.5 cm, mice were randomly assigned into control group and experimental group .In experimental group, the model was administered by intraperitoneal injection of different doses of isocorydaline .After 4 weeks, the tumor tissues were removed , the histopathological changes of the tumor were observed by HE staining , and the ex-pression of proteins in the tumor tissue were observed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot .Results Compared with the control group , the tumor volume of experimental group was significantly decreased ( P<0.05);the cell morphology transformed from stem cells to epithelioid cells , and the expression of E-cadherin was significantly in-creased while the expression of HPV 16E6 and vimentin was decreased .Conclusions Isocorydine may inhibit the de-velopment of cervical cancer by inhibiting the expression of E 6 protein and EMT-related signaling pathway .

Peripheral blood circulating tumor cells in local advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the value of detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with local advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC).@*Methods@#Twenty cases of LAHNSCC and eight healthy cases as the negative control were collected. The clinicopathological factors were evaluated. The LAHNSCC CTCs were enriched by specific antibody nanofluidic chip immunoassay using CytoSorter CTCs sorting system. LAHNSCC CTCs were identified by immunofluorescence staining. The relationships between CTCs and the clinicopathological features of LAHNSCC were analyzed. The numbers of CTCs were monitored and compared two weeks after inductive chemotherapy and at the end of the treatment.@*Results@#CTCs were detect in 15 (75%) 20 patients with LASHNCC, with an average number of 22.4 CTCs. There was a correlation between the numbers of CTCs and age or N staging (P<0.05). Among the 15 cases with CTCs, 13 cases received inductive chemotherapy, for whom CTCs were detected again after inductive chemotherapy in all of these 13 patients, with an average number of 9.5 CTCs. Ten of the fourteen cases (71.4%) were still CTCs detected After whole treatments CTCs were detected in 14 patients, of them, 10 (71.4%) patients showed positive CTCs, with an average 1.6 CTCs. The numbers of CTCs decreased after either inductive chemotherapy or the whole treatment. The number of detected CTCs after whole treatment decreased nearly to background levels.@*Conclusions@#CTCs have a high detection rate in the peripheral blood of patients with LAHNSCC, especially in patients ≥60 years old and with ≥ N2 stage before treatment. Real-time detection of dynamic change of CTCs may assist to evaluate therapeutic effect.

Clinical Comparative Study of Two Kind Doses of Bortezomib Combinated with Bisphosphonates for Treating Patients with Multiple Myeloma Ostespathy / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of conventional dose and reduction dose of bortezomib in combination with bisphosphonates for treating patients with multiple myeloma ostespathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 150 patients with multiple myeloma ostespathy were chosen in the period from March 2011 to July 2015 and randomly were divided into 2 groups: A group (75 cases) and B group (75 cases). The patients in A and B groups were treated with conventional dose of bortezomib and reduction dose of bortezomib on the basis of bisphosphonates respectively and the clinical efficacy, the improvement rate of life quality, NRS score, levels of IL-6 and CRP before and after treatment, and the adverse effects of 2 groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy between 2 groups (P<0.05). The improvement rate of patients life quality in B group was significantly better than that in A group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the NRS score, levels of IL-6 and CRP after treatment between 2 groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of neutrophil reduction and thrombocytopenia between 2 groups (P<0.05). The incidence of BiPN, nausea and vomiting, herpes zoster and fatigue of B group was significantly lower than that in A group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Conventional dose and reduction dose of bortezomib in combination with bisphosphonates for treating patients with multiple myeloma ostespathy possess the same effects, including pain relief and disease progression control; but the reduction dose of bortezomib application can efficiently improve the life quality of patients and reduce the risk of adverse reactions.</p>

Impact of Direct Cardiovascular Laboratory Activation by Emergency Physicians on False-Positive Activation Rates

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Door-to-balloon (DTB) time is critical to ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients' survival. Although DTB time is reduced with direct cardiovascular laboratory (CVL) activation by emergency physicians, concerns regarding false-positive activation remain. We evaluate false-positive rates before and after direct CVL activation and factors associated with false-positive activations.</p><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>This is a retrospective single centre study of all emergency CVL activation 3 years before and after introduction of direct activation in July 2007. False-positive activation is defined as either: 1) absence of culprit vessel with coronary artery thrombus or ulceration, or 2) presence of chronic total occlusion of culprit vessel, with no cardiac biomarker elevations and no regional wall abnormalities. All false-positive cases were verified by reviewing their coronary angiograms and patient records.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1809 subjects were recruited; 84 (4.64%) identified as false-positives. Incidence of false-positive before and after direct activation was 4.1% and 5.1% respectively, which was not significant (P = 0.315). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors associated with false-positive were: female (odds ratio (OR): 2.104 [1.247-3.548], P = 0.005), absence of chest pain (OR: 5.369 [3.024-9.531], P <0.0001) and presence of only left bundle branch block (LBBB) as indication for activation (OR: 65.691 [19.870-217.179], P <0.0001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Improvement in DTB time with direct CVL activation by emergency physicians is not associated with increased false-positive activations. Factors associated with false-positive, especially lack of chest pain or LBBB, can be taken into account to optimise STEMI management.</p>

Discussion on "removing stasis and regulating qi and blood" in the scraping therapy / 中国针灸

Stasis is the critical causative factor and pathological production considered in clinic treatment. Promoting the circulation in blood vessel and removing stasis are equally important in treatment. Stasis is interactive with qi and blood. Removing stasis aims to regulating the circulation of qi and blood. Scraping therapy is one of the major approaches to stasis removal in TCM. In clinical practice, the stasis can be removed with scraping, bleeding and cupping, etc. Additionally, removing stasis with scraping should be combined with regulating qi and blood to enhance the therapeutic effect.

Effect of G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 6 on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Multiple Myeloma Cells and Its Mechanisms / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6(GRK6) on proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma(MM) cells and its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The samples were collected from MM patients and healthy people for study in vivo. The plasma cells isolated from multiple myeloma patients, as well as U266 and NCI H929 myeloma cell lines were used for study in vitro. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were used to evaluate the protein and mRNA of expression of GRK6 in multiple myeloma, cell proliferation and apoptosis were tested by BrdU and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The protein and mRNA expression of GRK6 in multiple myeloma was higher than those in control group, and the expression level of GRK6 in stage I of MM was higher than that in control group, while the expression level of GRK6 in stage II was higher than that in stage I, but lower than that in stage III (P<0.05). U266 and MM cells showed high-sensitivity to CX-4945, except NCI H929. GRK6 expression level in U266, NCI H929 and MM cells treated with siRNA and CX-4945, significantly decreased as compared with those cells treated by CX-4945 alone. Cell proliferations of U266, NCI H92 and MM groups treated with CX-4945 were (58.25±18.24)%, (64.32±20.03)% and (45.42±25.01)% respectively, moreover, their apoptotic rates were (62.82±53.21)%, (43.25±47.05)% and (85.67±40.32)% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression level of GRK6 in multiple myeloma increases, and GRK6 inhibitor CX-4945 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of myeloma cells; GRK6 regulates Rac1 and involves in the proliferation and apoptosis pathway of multiple myeloma cells.</p>

JNK in spinal cord facilitates bone cancer pain in rats through modulation of CXCL1 / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In patients with advanced cancer, cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is a severe and common problem that is difficult to manage and explain. As c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) have been shown to participate in several chronic pain processes, we investigated the role of JNK and CXCL1 in CIBP and the relationship between them. A rat bone cancer pain model was established by intramedullary injection of Walker 256 rat gland mammary carcinoma cells into the left tibia of Sprague-Dawley rats. As a result, intramedullary injection of Walker 256 carcinoma cells induced significant bone destruction and persistent pain. Both phosphorylated JNK1 (pJNK1) and pJNK2 showed time-dependent increases in the ipsilateral spinal cord from day 7 to day 18 after tumor injection. Inhibition of JNK activation by intrathecal administration of SP600125, a selective pJNK inhibitor, attenuated mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia caused by tumor inoculation. Tumor cell inoculation also induced robust CXCL1 upregulation in the ipsilateral spinal cord on day 18 after tumor injection. Inhibition of CXCL1 by intrathecal administration of CXCL1 neutralizing antibody showed a stable analgesic effect. Intrathecal administration of SP600125 reduced CXCL1 increase in the spinal cord, whereas inhibition of CXCL1 in the spinal cord showed no influence on JNK activation. Taken together, these results suggested that JNK activation in spinal cord contributed to the maintenance of CIBP, which may act through modulation of CXCL1. Inhibition of the pJNK/CXCL1 pathway may provide a new choice for treatment of CIBP.

Randomized controlled trials of needle knife therapy combined with rotation traction manipulation for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the therapeutic effects between needle knife therapy combined with rotation traction manipulation and rotation traction manipulation for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From November 2013 to June 2015, 80 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups randomly:the control group in which 39 patients were treated with rotation traction manipulation, and the treatment group in which 41 patients were treated with needle knife combined with rotation traction manipulation. The patients in the control group were treated once dayly for 2 weeks, which was 1 course. The patients in the treatment group were treated with needle knife firstly once a week for 2 weeks, which was 1 course;then were treated with the same methods as the patients in the control group. The symptoms, signs score and the therapeutic effects of the two groups before and after treatment were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, symptoms and signs scores declined in both groups(<0.05). The results of the treatment group were better than effects in the control group(<0.05). In the treatment group, 19 patients got an excellent result, 16 good, 5 fair and 1 bad;while in the control group, 10 patients got an excellent result, 10 good, 16 fair and 3 bad;the results of the treatment group were better than the results of the control group(<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Needle knife combined with rotation traction manipulation is an effective method for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, which is better than using manipulation method simply. Needle knife therapy has follow advantages:improving local blood circulation, reducing local content of pain substance, increasing production of substances resisting pain, opening channels and collaterals, and make body reaching new static and dynamic balance on the new foundation.</p>

JNK in spinal cord facilitates bone cancer pain in rats through modulation of CXCL1 / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In patients with advanced cancer, cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is a severe and common problem that is difficult to manage and explain. As c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) have been shown to participate in several chronic pain processes, we investigated the role of JNK and CXCL1 in CIBP and the relationship between them. A rat bone cancer pain model was established by intramedullary injection of Walker 256 rat gland mammary carcinoma cells into the left tibia of Sprague-Dawley rats. As a result, intramedullary injection of Walker 256 carcinoma cells induced significant bone destruction and persistent pain. Both phosphorylated JNK1 (pJNK1) and pJNK2 showed time-dependent increases in the ipsilateral spinal cord from day 7 to day 18 after tumor injection. Inhibition of JNK activation by intrathecal administration of SP600125, a selective pJNK inhibitor, attenuated mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia caused by tumor inoculation. Tumor cell inoculation also induced robust CXCL1 upregulation in the ipsilateral spinal cord on day 18 after tumor injection. Inhibition of CXCL1 by intrathecal administration of CXCL1 neutralizing antibody showed a stable analgesic effect. Intrathecal administration of SP600125 reduced CXCL1 increase in the spinal cord, whereas inhibition of CXCL1 in the spinal cord showed no influence on JNK activation. Taken together, these results suggested that JNK activation in spinal cord contributed to the maintenance of CIBP, which may act through modulation of CXCL1. Inhibition of the pJNK/CXCL1 pathway may provide a new choice for treatment of CIBP.

Dexmedetomidine alleviates pulmonary edema by upregulating AQP1 and AQP5 expression in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which dexmedetomidine alleviates pulmonary edema in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal saline control (NS) group, receiving intravenous 0.9% normal saline (5 mL/kg); LPS group, receiving intravenous LPS (10 mg/kg); small-dose dexmedetomidine (S) group, treated with a small dose of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg · kg(-1) · h(-1)); medium-dose dexmedetomidine (M) group, treated with a medium dose of dexmedetomidine (2.5 μg · kg(-1) · h(-1)); high-dose dexmedetomidine (H) group, treated with a high dose of dexmedetomidine (5 μg · kg(-1) · h(-1)). The rats were sacrificed 6 h after intravenous injection of LPS or NS, and the lungs were removed for evaluating histological characteristics and determining the lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the lung tissues were assessed by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA and protein expression levels of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) were detected by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. The lung tissues from the LPS groups were significantly damaged, which were less pronounced in the H group but not in the small-dose dexmedetomidine group or medium-dose dexmedetomidine group. The W/D and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the pulmonary tissues were increased in the LPS group as compared with those in NS group, which were reduced in the H group but not in S group or M group (P<0.01). The expression of AQP1 and AQP5 was lower in the LPS group than in the NS group, and significantly increased in the H group but not in the S group or M group (P<0.01). Our findings suggest that dexmedetomidine may alleviate pulmonary edema by increasing the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-5.

Experiment on pruning of Cistanche deserticola inoculated in artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest / 中国中药杂志

At present, the objective of cutting and pruning Cistanche deserticola is to harvest in successive years and enhance the harvesting yield and quality of C. deserticola in the process of the artificial cultivating C. deserticola. An experiment was conducted focusing on cutting and pruning C. deserticola in artificial forests of Haloxylon ammodendron drip-irrigated with saline water at the hinter-land of the Taklimakan desert, according to different growth stages and lengths. The results were following: (1) The effect of cutting on C. deserticola was similar to that of pruning, which resulted in three kinds of morphological types, not related to the bloom and size of C. deserticola. (2) The growth forms were diversified after pruning. Among them, there had sprouting new body, died or maintaining life with no sprouting, mildewed on its surface layer, etc. However, some of new bodies were sprouting from the lower part of the old body. The death rate of bloomed C. deserticola was higher than that of the underground, and the death rate of the 40 cm in stubble height for C. deserticola was higher than those with the stubble height of 20 cm and 5 cm. (3) Most of the diameter of living C. deserticola after pruning was increasing, but some of them changed little. (4) The mildew and rot of C. deserticola and the broken of the roots of the H. ammodendron and the fallen of the point of the inoculated when it was dug, which would cause the death of the C. deserticola. On the other, the yield-increasing effect and the economic benefit of the techniques of the pruning of Cistanche would need further research and evaluate. Therefore, the application of this technique needs to be cautious.